Ask User to Play Again Java

Java Graphics Programming

Case Written report on Tic-Tac-Toe & Assignment

Click on the Image to run the Applet Demo (tested on FireFox/Windows but)

Let's Start with a 2-Player Console Non-OO Tic-Tac-Toe

Allow us first with a two-player console (non-graphics) version of Tic-Tac-Toe, where histrion 'X' and player 'O' enter their moves successively, equally shown below:

Role player 'X', enter your motility (row[1-3] column[1-three]):          2 2          |   |    -----------    | 10 |    -----------    |   |     Histrion 'O', enter your move (row[1-3] column[ane-3]):          1 ane          O |   |    -----------    | X |    -----------    |   |     Player 'Ten', enter your motility (row[1-3] column[1-three]):          1 three          O |   | X  -----------    | 10 |    -----------    |   |     Actor 'O', enter your move (row[ane-3] cavalcade[1-3]):          3 1          O |   | Ten  -----------    | X |    -----------  O |   |     Player 'X', enter your move (row[1-3] cavalcade[1-iii]):          two 2          This move at (2,2) is not valid. Endeavor over again...          Thespian 'X', enter your motion (row[one-iii] column[ane-3]):          2 3          O |   | X  -----------    | X | X  -----------  O |   |     Histrion 'O', enter your move (row[1-3] column[1-3]):          two one          O |   | X  -----------  O | X | 10  -----------  O |   |          Role player 'O' won!        

TTTCosnoleNonOO2P.java

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import coffee.util.Scanner; public class TTTConsoleNonOO2P { public static final int EMPTY = 0; public static terminal int Cross = 1; public static terminal int NOUGHT = 2; public static final int PLAYING = 0; public static final int DRAW = one; public static last int CROSS_WON = 2; public static final int NOUGHT_WON = 3; public static concluding int ROWS = 3, COLS = 3; public static int[][] board = new int[ROWS][COLS]; public static int currentState; public static int currentPlayer; public static int currntRow, currentCol; public static Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); public static void master(String[] args) { initGame(); practice { playerMove(currentPlayer); updateGame(currentPlayer, currntRow, currentCol); printBoard(); if (currentState == CROSS_WON) { Organisation.out.println("'X' won! Bye!"); } else if (currentState == NOUGHT_WON) { System.out.println("'O' won! Bye!"); } else if (currentState == DRAW) { Organization.out.println("It's a Draw! Bye!"); } currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == CROSS) ? NOUGHT : Cantankerous; } while (currentState == PLAYING); } public static void initGame() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { board[row][col] = EMPTY; } } currentState = PLAYING; currentPlayer = CROSS; } public static void playerMove(int theSeed) { boolean validInput = false; practice { if (theSeed == Cantankerous) { System.out.print("Role player 'X', enter your motility (row[1-3] column[1-3]): "); } else { System.out.impress("Histrion 'O', enter your move (row[1-3] cavalcade[1-3]): "); } int row = in.nextInt() - one; int col = in.nextInt() - i; if (row >= 0 && row < ROWS && col >= 0 && col < COLS && board[row][col] == EMPTY) { currntRow = row; currentCol = col; board[currntRow][currentCol] = theSeed; validInput = true; } else { System.out.println("This move at (" + (row + one) + "," + (col + 1) + ") is not valid. Effort again..."); } } while (!validInput); } public static void updateGame(int theSeed, int currentRow, int currentCol) { if (hasWon(theSeed, currentRow, currentCol)) { currentState = (theSeed == CROSS) ? CROSS_WON : NOUGHT_WON; } else if (isDraw()) { currentState = DRAW; } } public static boolean isDraw() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { if (lath[row][col] == EMPTY) { return false; } } } return truthful; } public static boolean hasWon(int theSeed, int currentRow, int currentCol) { render (lath[currentRow][0] == theSeed && lath[currentRow][1] == theSeed && board[currentRow][two] == theSeed || board[0][currentCol] == theSeed && board[1][currentCol] == theSeed && lath[2][currentCol] == theSeed || currentRow == currentCol && lath[0][0] == theSeed && board[1][1] == theSeed && board[two][2] == theSeed || currentRow + currentCol == two && board[0][2] == theSeed && board[1][ane] == theSeed && lath[2][0] == theSeed); } public static void printBoard() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { printCell(board[row][col]); if (col != COLS - i) { System.out.impress("|"); } } Organisation.out.println(); if (row != ROWS - 1) { Organisation.out.println("-----------"); } } System.out.println(); } public static void printCell(int content) { switch (content) { instance EMPTY: System.out.impress(" "); break; case NOUGHT: Organization.out.impress(" O "); break; case Cross: System.out.print(" X "); suspension; } } }

Dissecting the Program

Non-OO programs (like C programs) are organized in methods, which admission common global variables. (OO programs are organized in classes.) All the variables/methods shall be declared static (belong to the class instead of instances). The program starts at the main() method. No instance will be created.

A board game (such as Tic-tac-toe) is typically programmed every bit a state machine. Depending on the current-state and the player's motility, the game goes into the next-state. In this example, I apply a variable currentState to continue runway of the current-state of the game, and define named-constants to denote the various states of the game (PLAYING, DRAW, CROSS_WON, and NOUGHT_WON).  A method called updateGame() is divers, which will be chosen afterward every motion to update this currentState, by checking the status of the game-board.

Two methods are defined for printing the game board, printBoard() and printCell(). The printBoard() shall telephone call printCell() to print each of the 9 cells.  This seems fiddling hither, but will be useful in the object-oriented design to split the board and cells into split classes.

[TODO] more explanation

Endeavor: Prompt the user whether to play again later gameover.

            do {        initGame();    ......    ......        System.out.print("Play again (y/northward)? ");    char ans = in.adjacent().charAt(0);    if (ans != 'y' && ans != 'Y') {       Organisation.out.println("Bye!");       Arrangement.go out(0);      } } while (truthful);        

A Console OO Tic-Tac-Toe

Let united states catechumen the before non-OO version of Tic-Tac-Toe to object-oriented. The OO version of this unproblematic Tic-Tac-Toe is more complex than the non-OO version, considering Tic-Tac-Toe is a rather unproblematic application. Simply OO pattern is a necessity to build a complex awarding.

Enumerations State and Seed

In our before version, we used int named-constants to represent the diverse game states, every bit follows:

            public static terminal int PLAYING = 0; public static last int Depict = 1; public static final int CROSS_WON = 2; public static terminal int NOUGHT_WON = 3;    public static int currentState = PLAYING;        

This approach of using int named-constants is better than using number in the programming statements, but it is not ideal. This is because you may inadvertently assign an int value outside the valid range to the variable currentState. For example,

currentState = 99;        

JDK 1.5 introduces a new feature called enumeration, which is a special form for storing an enumeration (listing) of items. In our case, we can define an enumeration called GameState as follows:

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public enum GameState { PLAYING, Depict, CROSS_WON, NOUGHT_WON }

To reference an item in an enum, use enumName.itemName (e.m., GameState.PLAYING and GameState.DRAW), just like referencing static variables of a class (e.g., Math.PI).

You can create an instance for an enum (just similar creating an instance of a course) and assign a value into information technology. We shall now declare the variable currentState as an case of GameState, which can take the value of GameState.PLAYING, GameState.DRAW, GameState.CROSS_WON, and GameState.NOUGHT_WON.

private GameState currentState;     currentState = GameState.PLAYING;        

Take annotation that yous tin can only assign a value defined in the enumeration (such as GameState.PLAYING, GameState.DRAW), and Not an arbitrary int value in the before example. Enum is SAFE!

We shall besides create an enum called Seed for the various seeds and cell contents.

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public enum Seed { EMPTY, Cross, NOUGHT }

Again, you need to use Seed.EMPTY, Seed.CROSS, Seed.NOUGHT to refer to these values, just like any public static variable.

We shall declare the variables currentPlayer and content as instances of enum Seed.

private Seed currentPlayer;   currentPlayer = Seed.CROSS;     private Seed content;   content = Seed.EMPTY;

In cursory, an enum is simply a special class with a list of named-constants. Just enum is safe, compared with proper noun-constants.

Classes Board and Cell

Next, let'south design the OO classes needed for our Tic-Tac-Toe game. Each class shall maintain its ain attributes and operations (variables and methods), and it tin pigment itself in a graphics program.

We brainstorm with 2 classes, a class Prison cell for each private prison cell of the game lath, and a class Lath for the 3x3 game board.

The Jail cell class has an case variable called content (with bundle access), of the blazon enum Seed. You can only assign a value from the enum's constants, such as Seed.EMPTY, Seed.Cross, and Seed.NOUGHT, into content. A Jail cell tin paint() itself and has its own operations such as clear().

The Board grade composes of 9 Cell instances, arranged in an 3×iii assortment called cells (with parcel admission), of the type Cell[][]. A Board tin can paint() itself, and supports its own operations such equally checking the status of the current board (isDraw(), hasWon()).

Cell.java

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public class Cell { Seed content; int row, col; public Prison cell(int row, int col) { this.row = row; this.col = col; clear(); } public void articulate() { content = Seed.EMPTY; } public void paint() { switch (content) { case CROSS: Organisation.out.impress(" X "); break; example NOUGHT: System.out.print(" O "); break; example EMPTY: System.out.impress(" "); pause; } } }

Board.java

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public class Board { public static final int ROWS = iii; public static last int COLS = 3; Cell[][] cells; int currentRow, currentCol; public Board() { cells = new Jail cell[ROWS][COLS]; for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { cells[row][col] = new Cell(row, col); } } } public void init() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { cells[row][col].clear(); } } } public boolean isDraw() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { if (cells[row][col].content == Seed.EMPTY) { return false; } } } return true; } public boolean hasWon(Seed theSeed) { return (cells[currentRow][0].content == theSeed && cells[currentRow][1].content == theSeed && cells[currentRow][2].content == theSeed || cells[0][currentCol].content == theSeed && cells[1][currentCol].content == theSeed && cells[two][currentCol].content == theSeed || currentRow == currentCol && cells[0][0].content == theSeed && cells[i][i].content == theSeed && cells[2][2].content == theSeed || currentRow + currentCol == 2 && cells[0][2].content == theSeed && cells[1][ane].content == theSeed && cells[ii][0].content == theSeed); } public void paint() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { cells[row][col].paint(); if (col < COLS - 1) System.out.print("|"); } System.out.println(); if (row < ROWS - 1) { System.out.println("-----------"); } } } }

Class GameMain

Finally, allow'southward write a principal grade called GameMain to pull all the pieces together. GameMain acts every bit the overall controller for the game.

GameMain.coffee

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import coffee.util.Scanner; public form GameMain { private Board lath; private GameState currentState; private Seed currentPlayer; private static Scanner in = new Scanner(Organisation.in); public GameMain() { board = new Lath(); initGame(); practise { playerMove(currentPlayer); board.paint(); updateGame(currentPlayer); if (currentState == GameState.CROSS_WON) { System.out.println("'Ten' won! Bye!"); } else if (currentState == GameState.NOUGHT_WON) { System.out.println("'O' won! Bye!"); } else if (currentState == GameState.DRAW) { System.out.println("It's Draw! Bye!"); } currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == Seed.CROSS) ? Seed.NOUGHT : Seed.Cross; } while (currentState == GameState.PLAYING); } public void initGame() { board.init(); currentPlayer = Seed.CROSS; currentState = GameState.PLAYING; } public void playerMove(Seed theSeed) { boolean validInput = false; do { if (theSeed == Seed.Cross) { Organisation.out.impress("Player 'X', enter your move (row[1-3] column[1-3]): "); } else { Arrangement.out.print("Player 'O', enter your move (row[1-3] cavalcade[ane-three]): "); } int row = in.nextInt() - 1; int col = in.nextInt() - 1; if (row >= 0 && row < Board.ROWS && col >= 0 && col < Board.COLS && lath.cells[row][col].content == Seed.EMPTY) { lath.cells[row][col].content = theSeed; lath.currentRow = row; board.currentCol = col; validInput = true; } else { Organization.out.println("This move at (" + (row + 1) + "," + (col + one) + ") is not valid. Try again..."); } } while (!validInput); } public void updateGame(Seed theSeed) { if (board.hasWon(theSeed)) { currentState = (theSeed == Seed.CROSS) ? GameState.CROSS_WON : GameState.NOUGHT_WON; } else if (board.isDraw()) { currentState = GameState.DRAW; } } public static void main(String[] args) { new GameMain(); } }

Take note that the OO-version and the non-OO version have the aforementioned codes, just are organized differently. The organization in OO enables you lot to design and develop complex system.

A Graphics Simple-OO Tic-Tac-Toe

Permit'south rewrite the "console" version into a "graphics" version - a Java Swing application, as illustrated. In this initial blueprint, nosotros do non separate the prison cell and board into dedicated classes, but include them in the master class. Nosotros used an inner class DrawCanvas (that extends JPanel) to do the custom drawing, and an anonymous inner class for MouseListener.

The content-pane (of the top-level container JFrame) is set to BorderLayout. The DrawCanvas (JPanel) is placed at the CENTER; while a condition-bar (a JLabel) is placed at the Southward (PAGE_END).

The form diagram is as follows:

TTTGraphics2P.java

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import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; @SuppressWarnings("series") public class TTTGraphics2P extends JFrame { public static final int ROWS = iii; public static final int COLS = 3; public static last int CELL_SIZE = 100; public static last int CANVAS_WIDTH = CELL_SIZE * COLS; public static concluding int CANVAS_HEIGHT = CELL_SIZE * ROWS; public static concluding int GRID_WIDTH = 8; public static final int GRID_WIDHT_HALF = GRID_WIDTH / two; public static final int CELL_PADDING = CELL_SIZE / 6; public static final int SYMBOL_SIZE = CELL_SIZE - CELL_PADDING * 2; public static final int SYMBOL_STROKE_WIDTH = 8; public enum GameState { PLAYING, DRAW, CROSS_WON, NOUGHT_WON } individual GameState currentState; public enum Seed { EMPTY, Cross, NOUGHT } private Seed currentPlayer; private Seed[][] board ; individual DrawCanvas sail; private JLabel statusBar; public TTTGraphics2P() { canvas = new DrawCanvas(); sail.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CANVAS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT)); canvas.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent eastward) { int mouseX = eastward.getX(); int mouseY = e.getY(); int rowSelected = mouseY / CELL_SIZE; int colSelected = mouseX / CELL_SIZE; if (currentState == GameState.PLAYING) { if (rowSelected >= 0 && rowSelected < ROWS && colSelected >= 0 && colSelected < COLS && lath[rowSelected][colSelected] == Seed.EMPTY) { board[rowSelected][colSelected] = currentPlayer; updateGame(currentPlayer, rowSelected, colSelected); currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == Seed.Cross) ? Seed.NOUGHT : Seed.CROSS; } } else { initGame(); } repaint(); } }); statusBar = new JLabel(" "); statusBar.setFont(new Font(Font.DIALOG_INPUT, Font.Assuming, 15)); statusBar.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(2, v, 4, 5)); Container cp = getContentPane(); cp.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); cp.add(canvas, BorderLayout.Centre); cp.add(statusBar, BorderLayout.PAGE_END); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); pack(); setTitle("Tic Tac Toe"); setVisible(true); board = new Seed[ROWS][COLS]; initGame(); } public void initGame() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { lath[row][col] = Seed.EMPTY; } } currentState = GameState.PLAYING; currentPlayer = Seed.CROSS; } public void updateGame(Seed theSeed, int rowSelected, int colSelected) { if (hasWon(theSeed, rowSelected, colSelected)) { currentState = (theSeed == Seed.Cross) ? GameState.CROSS_WON : GameState.NOUGHT_WON; } else if (isDraw()) { currentState = GameState.DRAW; } } public boolean isDraw() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { if (board[row][col] == Seed.EMPTY) { return false; } } } return true; } public boolean hasWon(Seed theSeed, int rowSelected, int colSelected) { return (board[rowSelected][0] == theSeed && board[rowSelected][1] == theSeed && board[rowSelected][two] == theSeed || board[0][colSelected] == theSeed && board[1][colSelected] == theSeed && lath[two][colSelected] == theSeed || rowSelected == colSelected && board[0][0] == theSeed && board[1][1] == theSeed && board[2][2] == theSeed || rowSelected + colSelected == 2 && board[0][ii] == theSeed && board[1][1] == theSeed && board[2][0] == theSeed); } class DrawCanvas extends JPanel { @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); setBackground(Color.WHITE); one thousand.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY); for (int row = ane; row < ROWS; ++row) { thou.fillRoundRect(0, CELL_SIZE * row - GRID_WIDHT_HALF, CANVAS_WIDTH-1, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH); } for (int col = 1; col < COLS; ++col) { g.fillRoundRect(CELL_SIZE * col - GRID_WIDHT_HALF, 0, GRID_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT-1, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH); } Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(SYMBOL_STROKE_WIDTH, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND)); for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { int x1 = col * CELL_SIZE + CELL_PADDING; int y1 = row * CELL_SIZE + CELL_PADDING; if (board[row][col] == Seed.Cantankerous) { g2d.setColor(Color.Cerise); int x2 = (col + 1) * CELL_SIZE - CELL_PADDING; int y2 = (row + 1) * CELL_SIZE - CELL_PADDING; g2d.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); g2d.drawLine(x2, y1, x1, y2); } else if (lath[row][col] == Seed.NOUGHT) { g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE); g2d.drawOval(x1, y1, SYMBOL_SIZE, SYMBOL_SIZE); } } } if (currentState == GameState.PLAYING) { statusBar.setForeground(Color.Black); if (currentPlayer == Seed.CROSS) { statusBar.setText("X'due south Turn"); } else { statusBar.setText("O's Plow"); } } else if (currentState == GameState.DRAW) { statusBar.setForeground(Color.Red); statusBar.setText("It's a Draw! Click to play once more."); } else if (currentState == GameState.CROSS_WON) { statusBar.setForeground(Color.Cherry); statusBar.setText("'Ten' Won! Click to play again."); } else if (currentState == GameState.NOUGHT_WON) { statusBar.setForeground(Color.RED); statusBar.setText("'O' Won! Click to play again."); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { new TTTGraphics2P(); } }); } }

Dissecting the Plan

[TODO]

Game Programming Assignment

Yous can use the above Tic-tac-toe as a template to develop board games such as Connect-4 and Othello.

Connect-4

Click on the prototype to run the demo (in applet).

Wiki "Connect-4" to understand the rules of the game.

To write a Connect-Four game, let's kickoff from Tic-Tac-Toe's "Graphics Version". Do the following changes on "TTTGraphics2P.java":

1. Change constants ROWS to 6 and COLS to 7. Run the program. Y'all shall see a six×7 filigree. Try clicking on the cells, "cross" and "nought" shall exist displayed alternately.
2. Change the mouseClicked() result-handler to position the seed at the "bottom" row of the column clicked, instead of on the the cell clicked. Yous demand to check that there is empty cell on that column.

   if (colSelected >= 0 && colSelected < COLS) {        for (int row = ROWS -1; row >= 0; row--) {       if (board[row][colSelected] == Seed.EMPTY) {          lath[row][colSelected] = currentPlayer;           updateGame(currentPlayer, row, colSelected);                     currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == Seed.Cantankerous) ? Seed.NOUGHT : Seed.CROSS;          break;       }    } }

3. Alter the hasWon() method to check for 4-in-a-line (along row, column, diagonal or opposite-diagonal).

                   public boolean hasWon(Seed theSeed, int rowSelected, int colSelected) {     int count = 0;    for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) {       if (board[rowSelected][col] == theSeed) {          ++count;          if (count == 4) return truthful;         } else {          count = 0;        }    }        ......    return faux;   }

That's all!

Side by side,

1. Tidy up the names (In Eclipse, Refactor ⇒ Rename).
2. Tidy up the display (using red and yellow discs, instead of cross and nought).
3. Add more features. For instance, audio outcome; or buttons to control the game.
4. Re-design your classes (Read the "Graphics Advanced-OO Tic-Tac-Toe").
5. Improve your display (due east.g., using images, animation etc).

Othello (Reversi)

Click on the image to run my demo (in applet).

Wiki "Othello" or "Reversi" to understand the rules of the game.

Modify the higher up Tic-Tac-Toe ("TTTGraphics2P.java"):

1. Change ROWS and COLS to eight. Run the programme. You shall see a 8×eight filigree. Try clicking on the cells, "cantankerous" and "nought" shall be displayed alternately.
2. Modify the updateGame(Seed theSeed, int rowSelected, int colSelect) to flip the opponent's seeds along the row, column, diagonal and opposite diagonal - centered at (rowSelected, colSelected) - afterward the player with "theSeed" has placed on (rowSelected, colSelected). If in that location is no more empty space, the game is over. Decide the winner by counting the numbers of blackness and white seeds.
   HINTS:

   public void updateGame(Seed mySeed, int rowSelected, int colSelected) {    Seed opponentSeed = (mySeed == Seed.Blackness) ? Seed.WHITE : Seed.Black;     int col, row;         col = colSelected + i;              
                 while (col < COLS - 1 && board[rowSelected][col] == opponentSeed) {       ++col;    }        if (col <= COLS - 1 && lath[rowSelected][col] == mySeed) {              for (int colFlip = colSelected + 1; colFlip <= col - ane; ++colFlip) {          board[rowSelected][colFlip] = mySeed;       }    }    ......        ......

3. Remove isDraw() and hasWon().

Side by side,

1. Tidy upwards the names (Refactor ⇒ Rename).
2. Tidy upwardly the display (using black and white discs, instead of cross and nought).
3. Add more features. For instance, audio effect; or buttons to command the game.
4. Re-design your classes (Read the "Graphics Advanced-OO Tic-Tac-Toe").
5. Improve your brandish (e.chiliad., using images, animation etc).

Sudoku

Y'all could wiki "Sudoku" to sympathize the rules of the game.

Sudoku's graphics does not involve custom drawing (such equally drawing lines or circles). Hence, the to a higher place Tic-Tac-Toe graphics instance is non really applicative. You lot tin can simply use a 9x9 JTextFields arranged in a 9x9 GridLayout - the GUI codes is simple!

The steps for producing the display are:

• Set the JFrame's content-pane to 9×9 GridLayout. Create 9×9 JTextFields and add together to the content-pane. You need to set up 2 ix×ix arrays. Ane int[ix][9] to shop the numbers (i-9, or 0 if empty). Some other JTextField[9][9] to practice the brandish (impress blank if the number is 0).
• Initialize the game by reading in an input puzzle with blank cells, and populate the int[ix][9] and JTextField[9][9] arrays. Fix the non-empty cells to non-editable.

For example,

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import coffee.awt.*; import coffee.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public course SudokuDisplayOnly extends JFrame { public static final int ROWS = 9; public static final int COLS = 9; public static terminal int CELL_SIZE = threescore; public static terminal int CANVAS_WIDTH = CELL_SIZE * COLS; public static final int CANVAS_HEIGHT = CELL_SIZE * ROWS; individual int[][] cells; individual JTextField[][] tfCells; individual int[][] puzzle = {{five, 3, iv, six, 7, eight, 9, 1, 2}, {6, vii, two, i, 9, 5, 3, 4, 8}, {1, 9, 8, iii, 4, two, v, 6, 7}, {8, five, 9, 7, 6, i, 4, ii, three}, {4, ii, 6, 8, 5, three, 7, ix, i}, {7, 1, iii, 9, 2, 4, 8, five, 6}, {9, 6, 1, v, 3, seven, 2, 8, 4}, {2, eight, 7, four, i, ix, 6, 3, 5}, {3, 4, five, 2, 8, 6, 1, seven, 9}}; private boolean[][] mask = {{false, false, false, false, false, true, false, fake, false}, {false, false, false, fake, false, false, false, fake, truthful}, {fake, false, truthful, imitation, false, fake, false, false, false}, {truthful, imitation, simulated, false, false, false, false, false, fake}, {false, false, false, true, false, false, false, faux, false}, {false, false, false, false, simulated, fake, truthful, false, fake}, {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false}, {simulated, truthful, false, false, false, imitation, false, false, false}, {faux, imitation, false, false, true, false, false, false, false}}; public SudokuDisplayOnly() { Container cp = getContentPane(); cp.setLayout(new GridLayout(ROWS, COLS)); cells = new int[ROWS][COLS]; tfCells = new JTextField[ROWS][COLS]; for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { tfCells[row][col] = new JTextField(); cp.add(tfCells[row][col]); int number = puzzle[row][col]; if (mask[row][col]) { cells[row][col] = 0; tfCells[row][col].setText(""); tfCells[row][col].setEditable(true); tfCells[row][col].setBackground(Color.Xanthous); } else { cells[row][col] = number; tfCells[row][col].setText(number + ""); tfCells[row][col].setEditable(false); } tfCells[row][col].setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER); tfCells[row][col].setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.BOLD, 20)); } } cp.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CANVAS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT)); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); pack(); setTitle("Sudoku"); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { new SudokuDisplayOnly(); } }); } }

Some useful methods of JTextField are:

setBackground(Color          c)   setForeground(Color          c)   setFont(Font          f)          setHorizontalAlignment(int          align);          

Next, write the event handler actionPerformed() for the ActionEvent fired by the JTextField. You may apply ane listener to listen to all the 9×nine JTextFielddue south. In order to ascertain the JTextField that has fired the ActionEvent. You could utilize the upshot.getSource() method to retrieve the source object that has fired the event and compare with all the 9×9 JTextFields:

@Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {    int rowSelected = -i;    int colSelected = -1;        JTextField source = (JTextField)e.getSource();    boolean constitute = false;    for (int row = 0; row < ROWS && !found; ++row) {       for (int col = 0; col < COLS && !constitute; ++col) {          if (tfCells[row][col] == source) {             rowSelected = row;             colSelected = col;             found = true;          }       }    }    ......

More:

• Validate the input (prove invalid input in a different color or show it in "X") and bank check for puzzle solved.
• Refine your brandish. Apply 3x3 JPanels in GridLayout. Each JPanel has 3x3 JTextFielddue south in GridLayout likewise. In this mode, yous can command the border of the JPanelsouth via setBorder().
• Add more than features (east.one thousand., sound issue, buttons for controlling the game, disengage).
• Improve the game, eastward.g., difficulty level (easy, medium, difficult), hints and cheats, etc.
• Re-design your classes.
• Amend brandish (eastward.one thousand., images and blitheness).

Triggering JTextField's ActionEvent involves hitting the "enter" cardinal. That is, without striking the enter key, the number is not captured by actionPerformed(), although information technology may appear on the text field. Endeavour using the KeyEvent, which is fired after every cardinal stroke.

Mine Sweeper

Similar to Sudoku, the graphics for Mine Sweeper does non involve custom drawings. For the bones version with 10x10 cells, construct a 10x10 JButton array and arranged in GridLayout. Study the sample code in Sudoku to create the brandish.

In Mine Sweeper, you demand to response to left-mouse click and right-mouse-click differently. Hence, instead of listening to the ActionEvent, yous shall listen to the MouseEvent with mouse-clicked handler then equally to response to the left-click and correct-click. Since ActionEvent is not used, you probably can use 10x10 JLabel instead of JButton, every bit JLabel tin can also trigger mouse-consequence.

MasterMind

[TODO]

Checker

[TODO]

A Graphics Avant-garde-OO Tic-Tac-Toe - Separating the Board and Jail cell Classes

A More Versatile Swing Program Template

Before I proceed, I take modified the Swing plan template to make the codes more versatile (the same codes can be run as a standalone application, every bit well as Applet and Coffee Web-Start application).

1. The principal class extends from JPanel instead of JFrame.
2. In the entry master() method, an instance of JFrame is constructed, and its content-pane is set to an instance of the main form. The JFrame is then prepare visible.

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import coffee.awt.*; import coffee.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class SwingTemplateJPanel extends JPanel { public static concluding int CANVAS_WIDTH = 640; public static last int CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480; public static final String Championship = "...Title..."; public SwingTemplateJPanel() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CANVAS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT)); } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(m); setBackground(Color.BLACK); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFrame frame = new JFrame(TITLE); frame.setContentPane(new SwingTemplateJPanel()); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.pack(); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } }

Running every bit a Standalone Awarding

The above template has a primary() method, which can exist run as a standalone application, a web-commencement application, or from a JAR file.

Running as an Applet

An Swing Applet extends javax.swing.JApplet, intead of javax.swing.JFrame. An applet starts at init(), instead of main(). We tin can provide another grade to run the master class as an applet equally follows:

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import javax.swing.*; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class SwingTemplateJApplet extends JApplet { @Override public void init() { try { SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { setContentPane(new SwingTemplateJPanel()); } }); } take hold of (Exception east) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

You demand to provide an HMTL file to run the applet in production. (For testing, You could run your applet directly nether Eclipse/NetBeans using the then-called "appletviewer" without an HTML file.) For example,

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<html> <head> <title>An .... Applet</title> </caput> <body> <h1>Heading ...</h1> <applet code="SwingTemplateJApplet.class" width="640" height="480" alt="Fault Loading Applet?!"> Your browser does not seem to support &lt;APPLET&gt; tag! </applet> </torso> </html>

Graphics with OO Design

In a good OO design, each class shall exist encapsulated, shall have its own attributes and operations (variables and methods), and responsible for painting itself in a graphics programme.

The class diagram is every bit follows:

Enumeration Seed.java

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public enum Seed { EMPTY, CROSS, NOUGHT }

Enumeration State.java

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public enum State { PLAYING, Depict, CROSS_WON, NOUGHT_WON }

Grade Cell.java

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import java.awt.*; public class Cell { Seed content; int row, col; public Cell(int row, int col) { this.row = row; this.col = col; clear(); } public void clear() { content = Seed.EMPTY; } public void paint(Graphics thou) { Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)thou; g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(GameMain.SYMBOL_STROKE_WIDTH, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND)); int x1 = col * GameMain.CELL_SIZE + GameMain.CELL_PADDING; int y1 = row * GameMain.CELL_SIZE + GameMain.CELL_PADDING; if (content == Seed.CROSS) { g2d.setColor(Colour.RED); int x2 = (col + i) * GameMain.CELL_SIZE - GameMain.CELL_PADDING; int y2 = (row + 1) * GameMain.CELL_SIZE - GameMain.CELL_PADDING; g2d.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); g2d.drawLine(x2, y1, x1, y2); } else if (content == Seed.NOUGHT) { g2d.setColor(Color.Blueish); g2d.drawOval(x1, y1, GameMain.SYMBOL_SIZE, GameMain.SYMBOL_SIZE); } } }

Class Board.java

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import java.awt.*; public class Lath { Cell[][] cells; public Board() { cells = new Jail cell[GameMain.ROWS][GameMain.COLS]; for (int row = 0; row < GameMain.ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < GameMain.COLS; ++col) { cells[row][col] = new Cell(row, col); } } } public void init() { for (int row = 0; row < GameMain.ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < GameMain.COLS; ++col) { cells[row][col].clear(); } } } public boolean isDraw() { for (int row = 0; row < GameMain.ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < GameMain.COLS; ++col) { if (cells[row][col].content == Seed.EMPTY) { return false; } } } render truthful; } public boolean hasWon(Seed seed, int seedRow, int seedCol) { return (cells[seedRow][0].content == seed && cells[seedRow][one].content == seed && cells[seedRow][2].content == seed || cells[0][seedCol].content == seed && cells[1][seedCol].content == seed && cells[ii][seedCol].content == seed || seedRow == seedCol && cells[0][0].content == seed && cells[one][i].content == seed && cells[2][2].content == seed || seedRow + seedCol == 2 && cells[0][2].content == seed && cells[ane][1].content == seed && cells[2][0].content == seed); } public void pigment(Graphics thousand) { 1000.setColor(Color.GRAY); for (int row = 1; row < GameMain.ROWS; ++row) { yard.fillRoundRect(0, GameMain.CELL_SIZE * row - GameMain.GRID_WIDHT_HALF, GameMain.CANVAS_WIDTH - 1, GameMain.GRID_WIDTH, GameMain.GRID_WIDTH, GameMain.GRID_WIDTH); } for (int col = 1; col < GameMain.COLS; ++col) { g.fillRoundRect(GameMain.CELL_SIZE * col - GameMain.GRID_WIDHT_HALF, 0, GameMain.GRID_WIDTH, GameMain.CANVAS_HEIGHT - one, GameMain.GRID_WIDTH, GameMain.GRID_WIDTH); } for (int row = 0; row < GameMain.ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < GameMain.COLS; ++col) { cells[row][col].paint(g); } } } }

Classes GameMain.java

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import java.awt.*; import java.awt.outcome.*; import javax.swing.*; @SuppressWarnings("series") public class GameMain extends JPanel { public static terminal int ROWS = 3; public static final int COLS = iii; public static final Cord TITLE = "Tic Tac Toe"; public static concluding int CELL_SIZE = 100; public static final int CANVAS_WIDTH = CELL_SIZE * COLS; public static terminal int CANVAS_HEIGHT = CELL_SIZE * ROWS; public static concluding int GRID_WIDTH = 8; public static final int GRID_WIDHT_HALF = GRID_WIDTH / ii; public static concluding int CELL_PADDING = CELL_SIZE / 6; public static final int SYMBOL_SIZE = CELL_SIZE - CELL_PADDING * 2; public static terminal int SYMBOL_STROKE_WIDTH = viii; private Lath lath; private GameState currentState; private Seed currentPlayer; individual JLabel statusBar; public GameMain() { this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { int mouseX = eastward.getX(); int mouseY = e.getY(); int rowSelected = mouseY / CELL_SIZE; int colSelected = mouseX / CELL_SIZE; if (currentState == GameState.PLAYING) { if (rowSelected >= 0 && rowSelected < ROWS && colSelected >= 0 && colSelected < COLS && board.cells[rowSelected][colSelected].content == Seed.EMPTY) { board.cells[rowSelected][colSelected].content = currentPlayer; updateGame(currentPlayer, rowSelected, colSelected); currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == Seed.CROSS) ? Seed.NOUGHT : Seed.CROSS; } } else { initGame(); } repaint(); } }); statusBar = new JLabel(" "); statusBar.setFont(new Font(Font.DIALOG_INPUT, Font.Bold, 14)); statusBar.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(2, 5, 4, 5)); statusBar.setOpaque(true); statusBar.setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY); setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(statusBar, BorderLayout.PAGE_END); setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CANVAS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT + xxx)); board = new Board(); initGame(); } public void initGame() { for (int row = 0; row < ROWS; ++row) { for (int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col) { board.cells[row][col].content = Seed.EMPTY; } } currentState = GameState.PLAYING; currentPlayer = Seed.Cantankerous; } public void updateGame(Seed theSeed, int row, int col) { if (board.hasWon(theSeed, row, col)) { currentState = (theSeed == Seed.CROSS) ? GameState.CROSS_WON : GameState.NOUGHT_WON; } else if (board.isDraw()) { currentState = GameState.DRAW; } } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); setBackground(Color.WHITE); board.paint(g); if (currentState == GameState.PLAYING) { statusBar.setForeground(Colour.BLACK); if (currentPlayer == Seed.CROSS) { statusBar.setText("X's Plow"); } else { statusBar.setText("O's Turn"); } } else if (currentState == GameState.DRAW) { statusBar.setForeground(Colour.Cherry-red); statusBar.setText("It'southward a Draw! Click to play again."); } else if (currentState == GameState.CROSS_WON) { statusBar.setForeground(Color.Cerise); statusBar.setText("'X' Won! Click to play over again."); } else if (currentState == GameState.NOUGHT_WON) { statusBar.setForeground(Color.RED); statusBar.setText("'O' Won! Click to play over again."); } } public static void main(String[] args) { javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFrame frame = new JFrame(Title); frame.setContentPane(new GameMain()); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.pack(); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(zero); frame.setVisible(truthful); } }); } }

Running as a Standalone Program

Merely run the form containing the entry main() method.

Deploying an Application via a JAR file

To deploy an awarding containing many classes, you have to pack (i.e., jar) all classes and resources into a unmarried file, with a manifest that specifies the main class (containing the entry primary() method).

For example:

• via the Eclipse's "Consign" pick: Right-click on the project ⇒ Consign ⇒ Java ⇒ JAR file ⇒ Next ⇒ Specify the JAR filename ⇒ Side by side ⇒ Adjacent ⇒ Select "Generate the manifest file" ⇒ Browse to select the main class "GameMain" ⇒ Stop.
• via the "jar" command.
  First, create a manifest file called "tictactoe.mf", equally follow:

  Manifest-Version: 1.0 Main-Class: GameMain

  Adjacent, event a "jar" command (class CMD beat out) where options 'c' for create, 'm' for manifest, 'f' for output jar filename, and '5' for verbose:

  > jar cmfv tictactoe.mf tictactoe.jar *.class

You can run the program from a JAR file direct (without unpacking the JAR file) by:

1. In Windows' Explorer, right-click on the JAR file ⇒ Open with ⇒ Java Platform SE Binary; or
2. From the CMD shell, run java.exe with -jar option, i.e., "java -jar JarFileName.jar".

Note: JAR file uses the ZIP algorithm. In other words, yous could utilize WinZIP/WinRAR to open and extract the contents of a JAR file.

Running as an Applet

Click the image to run the demo applet:

AppletMain.coffee

Provide a chief class (says AppletMain.java) for the applet that extends javax.swing.JApplet:

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import javax.swing.*; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class AppletMain extends JApplet { @Override public void init() { attempt { SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { setContentPane(new GameMain()); } }); } grab (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

TicTacToe.html

Provide an HMTL file (says "TicTacToe.html") that embeds the "AppletMain.class":

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<html> <caput> <title>Tic Tac Toe</title> </head> <trunk> <h1>Tic Tac Toe</h1> <applet code="AppletMain.class" width="300" height="330" alt="Error Loading Applet?!"> Your browser does not seem to support &lt;APPLET&gt; tag! </applet> </torso> </html>

tictactoe.jar

To deploy an applet which contains more than one classes, yous demand to pack all the classes and resources into a JAR file (e.thousand., via Eclipse's "Consign" option or "jar" command described earlier), but you demand non use a manifest (for specify a main class every bit applet does not need a main() method). And so, employ the following <applet> tag with an "archive" attribute to specify the JAR filename:

<applet code="AppletMain.class"          archive="JarFileName.jar"          width="300" height="300"    alt="Error Loading Applet?!" > Your browser does not seem to support &lt;APPLET&gt; tag! </applet>        

Adding Audio Event

How to Play an Audio File

SoundTest.java

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import coffee.awt.*; import java.awt.outcome.*; import java.internet.URL; import javax.sound.sampled.*; import javax.swing.*; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class SoundTest extends JFrame { individual Cord fileGameOver = "gameover.wav"; private Clip soundClipGameOver; public SoundTest() { endeavour { URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileGameOver); if (url == zero) { System.err.println("Couldn't find file: " + fileGameOver); } else { AudioInputStream audioIn = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(url); soundClipGameOver = AudioSystem.getClip(); soundClipGameOver.open(audioIn); } } catch (UnsupportedAudioFileException e) { System.err.println("Audio Format not supported: " + fileGameOver); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Container cp = getContentPane(); cp.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); JButton btn = new JButton("Play Sound"); cp.add(btn); btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if (soundClipGameOver.isRunning()) soundClipGameOver.stop(); soundClipGameOver.setFramePosition(0); soundClipGameOver.get-go(); } }); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setTitle("Test Sound"); setSize(200, 100); setVisible(truthful); } public static void master(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { new SoundTest(); } }); } }

• Prepare a sound file called "gameover.wav" (attempt googling) and place it under under your projection root (or "bin") directory.
• If you receive error message "Couldn't find file: xxx". Try moving your file around your project (such every bit nether the "bin" sub-directory).
• JDK supports only a sampled audio format, ".wav", ".au", and ".aiff". It does non support ".mp3" (You will get an error message "Audio Format not supported: 30". There used to be a "Java Media Framework (JMF)" that supports MP3.
• You may try to download the pronunciations for the words "game" and "over", and join them into a "wav" file.
• We demand to test the sound effect nether a Swing application, instead of placing all the codes nether the main(). This is because main() exits before the sound gets a chance to play.

Adding Audio Consequence to the Tic-Tac-Toe Graphics Version

Two sound clips were used in the demo: ane for the move ("movement.wav") and the other for game-over ("gameover.wav"). (Google to discover some interesting "wav" files.)

Include the following codes at the advisable locations:

            import coffee.io.IOException; import java.internet.URL; import javax.sound.sampled.*;   ......   String fileMove = "sounds/motion.wav";          Cord fileGameOver = "sounds/gameover.wav";  Clip soundClipMove;       Clip soundClipGameOver;     ......    endeavour {
          URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileGameOver);
          if (url == nil) {
          System.err.println("Couldn't find file: " + fileGameOver);
          } else {
          AudioInputStream audioIn = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(url);
          soundClipGameOver = AudioSystem.getClip();
          soundClipGameOver.open(audioIn);
          }
               url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileMove);
            if (url == null) {
            System.err.println("Couldn't find file: " + fileMove);
            } else {
            AudioInputStream audioIn = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(url);
            soundClipMove = AudioSystem.getClip();
            soundClipMove.open(audioIn);
            }
} catch (UnsupportedAudioFileException e) {
            Organisation.err.println("Sound Format non supported!");
} catch (Exception due east) {
            e.printStackTrace();
}
            ......     if (currentState == GameState.PLAYING) {    if (soundClipMove.isRunning()) soundClipMove.stop();    soundClipMove.setFramePosition(0);     soundClipMove.start();              } else {    if (soundClipGameOver.isRunning()) soundClipGameOver.stop();    soundClipGameOver.setFramePosition(0);     soundClipGameOver.start();              }
        

You may consider using different sound files for "win", "loss", "draw", "valid_move" and "invalid_move".

Using Images

Read "Drawing Images" of "Custom Graphics".

Animation

Read "Animation" of "Custom Graphics".

Fast Matching of Winning Patterns with Bit-Masks (Advanced)

Reference: Arthur van Hoff's Tic Tac Toe Applet Demo (nether the JDK demo "applets" binder).

A much more efficient method for matching with a winning pattern in a Tic-tac-toe is to apply a 9-flake binary number (stored as an int or brusque type) to denote the placement of the seeds, and use fleck operations to perform the matching.

The following table summaries all the bit-wise operations, which are efficient and fast.

Operator	Clarification	Usage	Instance
&	Fleck-wise AND	expr1 & expr2	0b0110 0001 & Ob1110 0000 gives 0b0110 0000
|	Scrap-wise OR	expr1 | expr2	0b0110 0001 | Ob0000 1000 gives 0b0110 1001
!	Bit-wise Not	!expr	^0b0110 0001 gives 0b1001 1110
^	Bit-wise XOR	expr1 ^ expr2	0b0110 0001 ^ Ob0000 0001 gives 0b0110 1001
<<	Left-shift and padded with zeros	operand << number	0b0000 0001 << iv gives 0b0001 0000
>>	Right-shift and padded with the "sign-bit" (Signed-extended right-shift)	operand >> number	0b1000 0001 >> two gives 0b1110 0000
>>>	Right-shift and padded with zeros (Unsigned-extended right-shift)	operand >>> number	0b1000 0001 >>> two gives 0b0010 0000

We can continue the 8 winning patterns in an int array every bit follows:

int[] winningPatterns = {       0x1c0,          0x038,          0x007,          0x124,          0x092,          0x049,          0x111,          0x054};          

Annotation: JDK one.7 supports binary literals beginning with prefix "0b". Pre-JDK 1.vii does not support binary literals simply supports hexadecimal literals beginning with prefix "0x". Eclipse IDE supports JDK ane.7 only after Eclipse 3.seven.2. Hence, try 0b... but fall back to 0x... if compilation fails.

Nosotros ascertain 2 placement binary patterns for the cross and nought respectively.

int crossPattern; int noughtPattern;    int bitPosition = rowSelected * ROWS + colSelected; if (currentPlayer == Seed.Cross) {    crossPattern = crossPattern | (0x1 << bitPosition); } else {    noughtPattern = noughtPattern | (0x1 << bitPosition); }

(0x1 << bitPosition) shifts a binary 0b 000 000 001 to the left by the bitPosition number of bits, so as to place a 'i' bit at the proper position. It is and then fleck-OR with the existing pattern to include the new chip, without modifying the existing bits. For example, suppose rowSelect = ii and colSelected = 0, then bitPosition = 6. (0x1 << bitPosition) gives 0b 001 000 000.

To lucifer with the winning patterns:

public boolean hasWon(Seed theSeed) {    int playerPattern = (theSeed == Seed.CROSS) ? crossPattern : noughtPattern;     for (int aWinningPattern : winningPatterns) {       if ((aWinningPattern & playerPattern) == aWinningPattern) {          return true;       }    }    render fake; }

(aWinningPattern & playerPattern) masks out all the bits in the playerPattern except those having 1'southward in aWinningPattern. For example, suppose that playerPattern = 0b111 000 101, it matches the aWinningPattern = 0b111 000 000. This is because (playerPattern & aWinningPattern) returns 0b111 000 000, which is the same the the aWinningPattern.

This code is very much more efficient equally it involves only comparison with 8 integers (plus 8 efficient chip-AND operations).

Other Modes of Operation

WebStart Awarding

[TODO]

Playing Over the Cyberspace

[TODO]

Playing Confronting Computer with AI (Advanced)

Read "Case Study on Tic-Tac-Toe Part 2: With AI".

REFERENCES & Resource

1. JDK Applets demo "TicTacToe" (under JDK demo applets folder).

trappsearmson.blogspot.com

Source: https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/java/JavaGame_TicTacToe.html

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